In this lecture, GP Project Director Aya Kawakami introduces the concept of formal writing. She discusses the need to back up statements with firm research and statistics, to write clearly and concisely, and to use varied sentence structure. While simple sentences are appropriate, the key is to keep the writing from sounding childish. Ms. Kawakami shows how students can avoid mentioning self, being repetitive, and keeping the paper analytical. The lecture ends with a practical portion where students took sample texts and worked on making them sound more academic and formal.