南山大学

 

講演会

第一回講演会
「Condition B as an Epiphenomenon」

日時 2010年1月18日(火)15時15分~16時45分
会場 南山大学M棟MB1
講師 Dr. Christopher Tancredi (慶應義塾大学)
"Condition B as an Epiphenomenon"
司会 鈴木達也(外国語学部英米学科長)

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生成文法では、Chomskyが1981年に提案した理論により、名詞句を再帰形等の「照応形」「代名詞」「指示表現」という3種類に分類し、それぞれが、いつ使用できるのか、について条件A、条件B、条件Cの3つの条件(「束縛条件」)を用いて説明してきました。

Tancredi氏は、最新の言語理論の視点からこれを見直し、代名詞に関する「条件B」は束縛条件として仮定する必要はないことを提案して下さいました。

Dr. Christopher Tancredi
Dr. Christopher Tancredi
講演会の様子
講演会の様子
GPの学生がサマリーを担当
GPの学生がサマリーを担当

Dr. Christopher Tancredi's Lecture

Generative Grammar has divided referential expressions (Noun Phrases) into three categories: anaphors (e.g. himself, herself), pronouns (e.g. he, she), and R-expressions, or referring expressions,(e.g. John, Mary) since Chomsky introduced the Theory of Government and Binding in 1981. The theory explains where these three categories are appropriately used in reference to the three conditions: Binding Condition A (anaphors have to be bound in a local domain), Binding Condition B (pronouns have to be free (i.e. not bound)), and Binding Condition C (R-expressions have to be free everywhere). The idea of “bound” is technically defined in the theory. In simpler words, Condition A says that anaphors must have their antecedents close enough, whereas Condition B says that pronouns must not have their antecedents too close. In the case of Condition C, R-expressions must not have their antecedents in the same sentences. Dr. Tancredi proposed a different view on the binding phenomena. He claimed that there are two types of referring expressions that may be linked to antecedents, one restricted to applying within a sentence, and one capable of referring back to expressions in the discourse context. In Dr. Tancredi’s theory, pronouns exclusively belong to the second type, and therefore Condition B concerning pronouns must be treated differently from Condition A and Condition C. He explained the related facts in terms of processing effects based on a phase-by-phase approach to discourse augmentation in a technical sense. So considering what we have said above, we may say Condition B is not an independent binding condition, and therefore Condition B becomes an epiphenomenon(=a secondary phenomenon accompanying another phenomenon).

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